There are numerous disinformation campaigns active online spreading propaganda against vaccines in France, writes BBC's specialist disinformation reporter Marianna Spring.
In his spare time, Gilles loves to watch sci-fi films and read bandes dessinées - French comic books. He also helps run a conspiracy-themed French-language Facebook group with 50,000 members, many of whom spread falsehoods about coronavirus. He became a member just after the start of the pandemic, almost a year ago. I felt in my gut that this whole thing was overrated and wrong," Gilles says. He doesn't deny - like some others in the group - that Covid-19 is real. Instead he harbours vague suspicions about the disease, potential cures, and alleged cover-ups
